Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

12.1K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
12.1K
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

8.7K
In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
8.7K
Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

14.3K
The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...
14.3K
Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes02:18

Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes

17.6K
Organic compounds of the same molecular formula can have different structural formulas called constitutional isomers, and the phenomenon is known as constitutional isomerism. Alkanes with four or more carbons showing multiple structures with the same molecular formula thereby exhibit constitutional isomerism.
The linear isomer of an alkane is prefixed by the term “n”; hence a linear isomer of pentane is known as n-pentane. Based on the type of branching, some of the...
17.6K
Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes02:30

Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes

12.3K
This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial interactions.
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...
12.3K
Isomerism02:43

Isomerism

17.9K
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Isomers can be further classified into constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers differ in the connectivity of their constituent atoms. For example, 2-butanol and diethyl ether are constitutional isomers, as they have the same chemical formula, C4H10O, but differ in the connectivity of the carbon and oxygen atoms. Constitutional isomers have different physical and chemical...
17.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Modular PMDA Linker Enables Lysine-Selective Cyclization of Unprotected Peptides and Automated Macrocycle Assembly.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Size switchable nanomodulator achieving ratio-precise dual-drug codelivery for synergistic glutamine metabolism modulation in pancreatic cancer.

Biomaterials·2026
Same author

Mars' induced magnetosphere can form under radial interplanetary magnetic field.

Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.))·2026
Same author

The crotonylation reader DPF2 promotes the development and progression of colon adenocarcinoma through cell-type-specific immune regulation and metabolic reprogramming.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same author

The Relationship between Antibody-mediated Immune Responses and Four Types of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening·2026
Same author

CsSPX-PHR/PHL-PHT1 and CsmiR399a-PHO2-PHT1/PHO1 Modules Orchestrate Pi Use Efficiency and Aluminium Tolerance in Tea Plants.

Plant, cell & environment·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes
07:45

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

9.9K

Metal-Organic Framework with Constrained Flexibility for Benchmark Separation of Hexane Isomers.

Kuishan Wen1, Jingyi Zhou1, Tian Ke1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new flexible metal-organic framework (MOF), ZUL-C6, achieves high-capacity molecular sieving for hexane isomer separation. This MOF demonstrates superior performance over industrial standards for critical petroleum industry applications.

Keywords:
3D ligandadsorptionhexane isomermetal−organic frameworksmolecular sieving

More Related Videos

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
11:27

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

48.0K
Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
10:27

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

Published on: July 14, 2015

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2025

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes
07:45

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

9.9K
Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
11:27

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

48.0K
Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
10:27

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

Published on: July 14, 2015

10.0K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Adsorption Science

Background:

  • Flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer potential for adsorptive separations.
  • Balancing flexibility, adsorption capacity, and selectivity in MOFs is a significant challenge.
  • Hexane isomer separation is crucial for the petroleum industry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel flexible MOF for high-capacity molecular sieving of hexane isomers.
  • To investigate the adsorption and separation performance of the new MOF.
  • To elucidate the gating mechanism and structural transformations.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a novel flexible MOF, Ni(bhdc)(ted)0.5 (ZUL-C6), with hybrid 3D alkane-bridged ligands.
  • Guest-loaded single-crystal (SC) X-ray diffraction.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) simulations.

Main Results:

  • ZUL-C6 exhibits high-capacity molecular sieving for n-hexane and 3-methylpentane.
  • The MOF shows limited uptake of 2,2-dimethylbutane due to pore size and flexibility constraints.
  • A unique SC to SC transformation was observed, driven by linker rotation and structural distortion, with a high energy barrier.
  • ZUL-C6 surpasses the performance of 5A molecular sieves in uptake and selectivity.
  • Record-high breakthrough uptake for nHEX/3MP and unprecedented 22DMB producing time were achieved.

Conclusions:

  • ZUL-C6 demonstrates a promising balance of flexibility, capacity, and selectivity for hexane isomer separation.
  • The observed gating behavior and structural transformation are key to its separation performance.
  • This MOF represents a significant advancement for industrial applications in petroleum refining.