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Related Experiment Video

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Effects of Postactivation Performance Enhancement From Upper-Body Flywheel Overload on Tennis-Serve Performance.

Ernest Baiget1, Jaime Fernández-Fernández2, Martina Díaz3

  • 1National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

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PubMed
Summary

Upper-limb flywheel training enhances tennis serve velocity through postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) without impacting accuracy. The study found low-load protocols effective, with no link to player

Keywords:
eccentricpostactivation potentiationserve accuracyshoulderstroke velocity

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) is a phenomenon where a prior conditioning activity can transiently improve subsequent muscular performance.
  • Upper-limb resistance training, particularly using flywheel devices, offers a unique method to induce PAPE due to its accommodating resistance.
  • Optimizing serve velocity and accuracy is crucial for competitive tennis players, making PAPE strategies a potential performance-enhancing tool.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the effects of PAPE induced by upper-limb flywheel resistance training on tennis serve velocity and accuracy.
  • To compare the efficacy of two distinct flywheel training protocols: low load (LL) versus high load (HL).
  • To investigate whether pre-existing neuromuscular performance influences the PAPE effects on serve performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen young competitive tennis players participated in a randomized controlled study.
  • Participants underwent a control session (warm-up only) and two experimental sessions involving LL (0.02 kg·m²) or HL (0.08 kg·m²) flywheel shoulder internal rotation training.
  • Serve velocity and accuracy were measured at 30 seconds, 3 minutes, and 6 minutes post-intervention for each protocol.

Main Results:

  • Both LL and HL flywheel protocols significantly increased serve velocity compared to baseline at 3 and 6 minutes post-intervention.
  • Serve accuracy remained consistent across all conditions and time points, indicating no detrimental effects.
  • No significant correlation was found between players' baseline mechanical outcomes and the magnitude of PAPE effects.

Conclusions:

  • Low-volume, multi-set shoulder internal rotation flywheel training effectively induces PAPE, enhancing serve velocity in tennis players.
  • These PAPE effects on serve velocity occur within 3-6 minutes post-training without compromising serve accuracy.
  • Individual neuromuscular performance levels did not appear to modulate the observed PAPE benefits.