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Related Concept Videos

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

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Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients, maintaining...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

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Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...

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A Coupled Experiment-finite Element Modeling Methodology for Assessing High Strain Rate Mechanical Response of Soft Biomaterials
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Predicting probiotic viability during tabletting using the finite element method integrated with a thermal tolerance

Bide Wang1, Oleksiy V Klymenko1, Rachael Gibson2

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|February 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Developing predictive models for probiotic viability during tablet compaction is crucial. A new finite element model accurately predicts how compression pressure affects Lactobacillus gasseri viability, showing pre-compression enhances survival.

Keywords:
Finite element methodPowder compactionProbioticsThermal toleranceViability

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Tablets are effective for delivering probiotics to the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Tablet compaction involves mechanical stress and heat, challenging probiotic viability.
  • Optimizing tabletting requires evaluating probiotic survival under various compression conditions, but this is time-consuming and costly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a predictive model for assessing probiotic viability during powder compaction.
  • To integrate a finite element (FE) model with the modified Drucker-Prager Cap (DPC) model and a thermal tolerance model.
  • To reduce development time and costs associated with optimizing the tabletting process.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel finite element (FE) model integrating the modified Drucker-Prager Cap (DPC) model with a thermal tolerance model.
  • Validated the model's predictive capability against experimental measurements of mechanical behavior, thermal response, and probiotic viability.
  • Simulated probiotic viability under different compression pressures.

Main Results:

  • The FE model accurately predicted mechanical behavior, thermal response, and probiotic viability.
  • Probiotic viability of Lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri KS-13) decreased with increasing compression pressure, consistent with experimental findings.
  • Pre-compression was identified as an effective strategy to enhance probiotic viability during compaction.

Conclusions:

  • The developed FE model provides a reliable tool for predicting probiotic viability during powder compaction.
  • Understanding the impact of compression parameters on viability is essential for optimizing probiotic tablet manufacturing.
  • Pre-compression emerges as a promising technique to improve the survival rate of probiotics in compacted tablets.