Seasonal dynamics of Amblyomma ticks in South America: A meta-analytical approach

In this study, we carried out a detailed analysis of the seasonality of ticks of the genus Amblyomma in the Neotropical region by means of a meta-analysis. Our aim was to identify temporal patterns and factors that influence the seasonality of these ectoparasites, considering different developmental stages (larvae, nymphs and adults) to provide a comprehensive understanding of the population dynamics of this group. To do this, we carried out a systematic review in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. Studies that assessed the prevalence, abundance, or seasonality of Amblyomma ticks in the Neotropical region were included in our data collection. Despite our focus on the Neotropics, we only obtained data on South American populations. Multilevel meta-analytical models were used to test whether larvae, nymphs and adults of Amblyomma ticks show higher mean abundance, mean intensity and prevalence in the dry or in the rainy season. Our results validate that Amblyomma larvae, nymphs, and adults show distinct patterns of seasonality. During the dry season, larvae and nymphs occur more frequently, while adults predominate in the rainy season. We also observed variations in seasonal occurrence at the species level, highlighting the complexity and variability of these patterns. Thus, in summary, the data we provide here contributes to a better understanding on the temporal distribution of these ectoparasites, as well as the factors contributing for such distribution, thus providing subsidies for the development of more effective strategies for the control and prevention of tick-borne diseases. By showing research gaps in the literature, we also argue that further research on the seasonal patterns of ticks is needed to improve our understanding of the factors that influence the population dynamics of these parasites and to implementing more effective public health measures.