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Lifestyle factors associated with benign multiple sclerosis
Jie Guo1, Tomas Olsson2, Jan Hillert2
1China Agricultural University, Beijing, Beijing, China.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|February 13, 2025
Summary
A history of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and lifestyle choices like diet and weight influence multiple sclerosis (MS) outcomes. These factors may help predict a benign MS course, suggesting potential for lifestyle interventions.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Benign multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by minimal disability despite long disease duration.
- Determinants and prognostic implications of benign MS are poorly understood.
- The role of lifestyle factors in distinguishing benign from non-benign MS is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between infectious mononucleosis (IM), lifestyle factors, and the likelihood of benign MS.
- To identify factors associated with the transition from benign to non-benign MS over time.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of 2040 benign MS and 4283 non-benign MS patients from Swedish nationwide studies.
- Logistic regression to analyze associations between IM history, lifestyle factors (smoking, BMI, fish consumption, sun exposure), and benign MS.
- Cox regression to assess factors predicting transition from benign to non-benign MS.
Main Results:
- Reduced odds of benign MS associated with IM history (OR 0.54), adolescent overweight/obesity (OR 0.69/0.46), and infrequent fish consumption (OR 0.72).
- Similar associations observed for the risk of transitioning from benign to non-benign MS.
- Findings suggest IM and lifestyle factors significantly influence MS disease course.
Conclusions:
- Infectious mononucleosis history and modifiable lifestyle factors impact the probability of a benign MS course.
- Targeted lifestyle interventions may improve MS outcomes.
- Further research is needed to understand the long-term mechanisms of IM's influence on MS progression.
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