A multi-site Ru-Cu/CeO₂ photocatalyst for boosting C-N coupling toward urea synthesis

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Catalysis
• Green Chemistry

Background:

• Photocatalytic urea synthesis offers a sustainable alternative to traditional methods.
• Developing efficient photocatalysts for enhanced C-N coupling remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose and demonstrate a multi-site photocatalyst concept for improved urea production yield.
• To enhance photogenerated carrier separation and reactant activation simultaneously.

Main Methods:

• Designed and synthesized a multi-site photocatalyst: Ru nanoparticles and Cu single atoms decorated CeO2 nanorods (Ru-Cu/CeO2).
• Investigated the role of Ru and Cu sites in facilitating N2 and CO2 adsorption, conversion, and C-N coupling.

Main Results:

• The Ru-Cu/CeO2 photocatalyst achieved a urea yield rate of 16.7 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹.
• Demonstrated enhanced photogenerated carrier separation and reactant activation.
• Observed promoted C-N coupling due to in situ formed nitrogen-rich areas and synergistic effects between Ru and Cu sites.

Conclusions:

• Multi-site catalyst design is crucial for efficient photocatalytic urea synthesis.
• The Ru-Cu/CeO2 photocatalyst represents a significant advancement in yield and efficiency.
• This approach holds promise for future developments in sustainable chemical production.