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Alterations in the intestinal microbiome and immune dysregulation in infants with CHD undergoing cardiopulmonary

Andrew J Prout1,2, Kathleen L Meert1,2, Mamdouh Al-Ahmadi3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA.

Cardiology in the Young
|February 14, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Infants undergoing heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass show altered intestinal microbiomes. This review highlights the limited data correlating these microbiome changes with immune function and outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric surgery
  • Microbiome research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass are prone to infections due to immune dysfunction.
  • The intestinal microbiome plays a crucial role in calibrating immune function.
  • Infants with CHD exhibit significant alterations in their intestinal microbiome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review on the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and immune function in infants after pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
  • To synthesize current understanding of microbiome-immune interactions in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of major biomedical databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus).
  • Inclusion of trials analyzing intestinal microbiome composition and immune function in infants post-cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Main Results:

  • Two observational cohorts and two interventional trials were identified, analyzing 114 children.
  • All included trials reported differential intestinal microbiome composition in infants with CHD compared to controls.
  • One study demonstrated a correlation between microbiome composition, cytokine profiles, and adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • There is minimal data correlating immune function and intestinal microbiome composition in infants with CHD post-cardiac surgery.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate these relationships, despite strong preclinical evidence.
Abstract

Keywords:
cardiopulmonary bypassgastrointestinal microbiomeimmune systempaediatric

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