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Cognitive decline and diabetes in the clinical setting
Boglárka Varga1, Mariana Cornelia Tilinca1,2, László Marton1
1Clinic of Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency County Clinic, Târgu Mureş, Romania.
Medicine and Pharmacy Reports
|February 14, 2025
Summary
Over half of diabetic patients experience cognitive decline, with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and middle-aged individuals being particularly vulnerable. Early risk stratification and regular monitoring are crucial for managing this condition in diabetic populations.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Neurology
- Geriatrics
Background:
- Cognitive decline is a significant concern in the diabetic population.
- Understanding the prevalence and associated factors is crucial for clinical management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the prevalence of cognitive decline in patients with diabetes.
- To identify patient characteristics associated with cognitive decline.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study involving 172 diabetic patients.
- Cognitive function assessed using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
- Included patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and secondary diabetes (SDM).
Main Results:
- Over half (55.23%) of patients showed cognitive deterioration, varying by diabetes type.
- Mild cognitive decline was more common in T1DM and SDM, while moderate decline was prevalent in T2DM.
- Middle-aged individuals (40-64 years) exhibited significant cognitive function reduction. Severe cognitive impairment was more noted in men.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), anemia in T2DM, higher HbA1c in T1DM, distal symmetric polyneuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and insulin therapy were associated with cognitive decline.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive decline is highly prevalent in diabetic patients.
- Risk stratification should begin at diagnosis, with periodic monitoring essential.
- Special attention should be given to T1DM patients and the middle-aged population.
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