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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
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Different methods, such as visual observance of metal-ion indicators, spectroscopic techniques, and potentiometric methods, can determine the endpoint of an EDTA titration.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability
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Association between urinary heavy metal/trace element concentrations and kidney function: a prospective study.

Sisi Xie1, Maïwenn Perrais2,3, Déla Golshayan4

  • 1Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Clinical Kidney Journal
|February 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Urinary heavy metals and trace elements like vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, selenium, molybdenum, and iodine are linked to increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and impaired kidney function (IKF). Certain elements also correlate with a faster decline in kidney function.

Keywords:
chronic kidney diseaseepidemiologyglomerular filtration rateheavy metalstrace elements

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Nephrology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant public health challenge.
  • Cross-sectional studies suggest links between heavy metals/trace elements and reduced kidney function.
  • Prospective studies are crucial to establish the pathogenic role of these elements in CKD development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between baseline urinary heavy metal/trace element concentrations and long-term impaired kidney function (IKF) or CKD.
  • To examine the relationship between these elements and the incidence of rapid kidney function decline.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based prospective study with a mean participant age of 51.9 years at baseline.
  • Urinary trace element concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
  • Impaired kidney function (IKF) was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 60–90 mL/min/1.73 m², and CKD as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m².
  • Rapid eGFR decline was defined as a decrease ≥3 mL/min/1.73 m²/year.

Main Results:

  • Over a mean follow-up of 12.5 years, 1455 participants (31.7%) developed IKF or CKD, and 123 (2.6%) experienced rapid kidney function decline.
  • Urinary vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, selenium, molybdenum, and iodine were associated with an increased risk of new IKF or CKD cases.
  • Urinary copper, silver, molybdenum, and cadmium were associated with an increased risk of rapid eGFR decline.

Conclusions:

  • Several urinary heavy metals and trace elements are associated with an increased risk of developing impaired kidney function or CKD in the general population.
  • These elements are also linked to a more rapid decline in kidney function over time.
  • Findings highlight potential environmental contributors to kidney disease progression.