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Engineered Anti-Microbial Peptides Inhibit Cell Viability, Promote Apoptosis, and Induce Cell Cycle Arrest in SW620

Sheema Hashem1,2, Ajaz A Bhat3, Sabah Nisar1,2

  • 1Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

Current Protein & Peptide Science
|February 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Engineered antimicrobial peptides (EAMPs) show potent anti-cancer effects against colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro. These novel peptides inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis while sparing normal cells, suggesting a promising therapeutic avenue.

Keywords:
Engineered anti-microbial peptidesHCT116 colorectal cancer cell lineSW480SW620apoptosiscell cycle.cell proliferation

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading global malignancy with an unmet need for novel therapies.
  • Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as potential anti-cancer agents due to their selective toxicity to cancer cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the anti-cancer potential of two computationally engineered antimicrobial peptides (EAMPs).
  • To assess EAMPs' effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage in CRC cell lines (SW620, SW480, HCT116) and normal colon cells (CCD 841).

Main Methods:

  • Cell proliferation and survival assessed via CellTiter-Glo Luminescence and clonogenic assays.
  • DNA damage evaluated using the Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.
  • Apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and mitochondrial membrane potential analyzed by flow cytometry in SW620 cells.

Main Results:

  • EAMPs demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of CRC cell proliferation with minimal toxicity to normal colon epithelial cells.
  • EAMPs induced DNA damage, S/G2 cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in SW620 cells.
  • Anti-proliferative effects were confirmed across SW480 and HCT116 CRC cell lines.

Conclusions:

  • EAMPs exhibit significant in vitro anti-cancer activity against colorectal cancer cells.
  • EAMPs selectively target cancer cells, sparing normal epithelial cells.
  • These findings support EAMPs as a potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer, meriting further investigation.