Patient Preferences for Provider Specialization for Induced Abortion and Miscarriage Care

Objectives: Most induced abortions are provided by abortion specialists, despite knowledge and skills overlap with other disciplines, particularly general obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN). We evaluated patient preferences for abortion and miscarriage care from a family planning specialist versus other providers, and perceptions of a general OB/GYN's ability to provide safe miscarriage and abortion care. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among individuals aged 18-44 receiving induced abortion (n = 54) or nonabortion gynecological care (n = 111) in North Carolina hospital-based gynecology or family planning clinics between April and October 2023. The primary predictor was appointment type. The primary outcome was preference for induced abortion from a family planning specialist versus other providers; secondary outcomes were provider specialty preference for miscarriage care and patient perceptions of a general OB/GYN's scope of practice. We evaluated associations between appointment type, outcomes, and participant characteristics. Results: This was a racially diverse population with half (50.3%) using public health insurance. Most (73.0%) felt abortion is "morally acceptable and should be legal." Over half (53.1%) preferred induced abortion from a specialist provider, compared with one-third (32.7%) for miscarriage (p < 0.001), with no differences by appointment type. Educational attainment (p = 0.03) and Democratic party affiliation (p = 0.02) were independently associated with abortion specialist preference, but not significant in multivariable analysis. More participants believed a general OB/GYN can provide medications for miscarriage management compared with induced abortion (94.5% versus 86.6%, p = 0.01). Both medical and surgical first trimester induced abortions were more often identified as within-scope for a general OB/GYN than the ability to perform a hysterectomy (69.8%, p < 0.01). Most (78.8%) believed OB/GYNs should be required to train in abortion care. Conclusions: Participants were more likely to prefer a family planning specialist for induced abortion care versus miscarriage; however, nearly half preferred nonspecialist care. Incorporation of induced abortion into general practice settings may meet patient preferences while expanding access.