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Evolve II: a computer model of an evolving ecosystem.

M Conrad, M Strizich

    Bio Systems
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    In a simulated ecosystem, two species evolved and coexisted. Organisms adapted to environmental changes, sometimes prioritizing lineage survival over individual offspring success.

    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary biology
    • Computational modeling
    • Ecosystem dynamics

    Background:

    • Organisms evolve in response to environmental pressures and competition.
    • Gene mutation can lead to phenotypic changes, influencing survival and reproduction.
    • Understanding the interplay between genetic change and environmental variation is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate evolutionary dynamics in a simulated ecosystem with mutable gene structures.
    • To explore how organisms adapt to changing environments and inter-species competition.
    • To identify conditions under which evolutionary strategies benefit the lineage over the individual.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the Evolve II program, a computational model simulating an ecosystem.

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  • Introduced environmental variation schemes and limited food resources.
  • Observed gene mutation, phenotypic change, and species coexistence.

    • Main Results:

    • Two distinct species evolved and successfully coexisted under identical environmental conditions.
    • Organisms exhibited resistance to phenotypic change in stable environments.
    • Phenotypic changes favoring individual survival over reproduction were observed, even when detrimental to offspring.

    Conclusions:

    • Gene structures can evolve to benefit the long-term survival of a lineage, even at the expense of individual offspring.
    • The magnitude of phenotypic change is influenced by gene properties and environmental stability.
    • This model demonstrates complex evolutionary trade-offs and adaptive strategies.