Embryological Significance of Glial cells in the Central Nervous System

Glial cells are essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, categorized into two groups: macroglial and microglia. Traditionally viewed as passive entities involved in nutrition, support, and insulation, recent insights reveal their crucial role in brain function and plasticity. They serve as key regulators of synaptic activity, influencing information transmission between neurons and impacting processes like learning. Glial cells are vital for maintaining neuronal network integrity and functionality; disruptions in their function can lead to neuronal dysfunction and death. Our review aims to underscore the embryological importance of glial cells in nervous system function. Systematic searches of major electronic medical databases were conducted, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to February 15, 2024. Our findings indicate that abnormalities in glial cell function contribute to various human conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorders, fibromyalgia, and schizophrenia.