Microwave ablation for small papillary thyroid carcinomas: clinical outcomes and thyroid function preservation.

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Oncology
• Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

• Small papillary thyroid carcinomas (SPTCs) are common thyroid nodules.
• Treatment options for SPTCs include surgery, radioactive iodine, and minimally invasive techniques.
• Microwave ablation (MWA) offers a less invasive alternative for managing SPTCs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) for treating small papillary thyroid carcinomas (SPTCs).
• To assess the impact of MWA on thyroid function.
• To investigate the relationship between the energy/volume ratio and treatment outcomes, including complications.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 70 patients with SPTCs underwent MWA using a tailored energy/volume model.
• Nodule size and thyroid function tests were monitored pre- and post-ablation at multiple time points.
• Complete ablation rates, nodule volume reduction, thyroid hormone levels, and complication incidence were analyzed.

Main Results:

• MWA achieved a 95% complete ablation rate for SPTCs, with 90% of patients needing only one session.
• Nodule volume significantly decreased by an average of 98.47% by 18 months.
• Thyroid function remained stable in 90% of patients, with minimal hormone level fluctuations and a low complication rate (5% minor).

Conclusions:

• MWA is a clinically effective and minimally invasive treatment for SPTCs.
• The energy/volume model optimizes MWA, preserving thyroid function and minimizing complications.
• MWA demonstrates significant nodule reduction and favorable safety profile in managing SPTCs.