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A Review of Screening Guidelines for Hypoglycaemia in Infants Born Small for Gestational Age Showed Numerous

Giulia Remaschi1, Carlo Dani1,2

  • 1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|February 15, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Screening guidelines for infants small for gestational age (SGA) vary significantly worldwide. This review highlights inconsistencies in SGA hypoglycaemia screening criteria and timing, indicating a need for standardized recommendations.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hypoglycaemia poses a significant risk to infants born small for gestational age (SGA).
  • Current global screening guidelines for SGA infants exhibit considerable variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze published hypoglycaemia screening guidelines for SGA infants.
  • To evaluate the characteristic features of hypoglycaemia in SGA infants to assess the relevance of current screening practices.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of studies from PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
  • Inclusion of government and national healthcare institution guidelines for hypoglycaemia screening in term and near-term SGA infants.

Main Results:

  • Significant discrepancies exist among international guidelines regarding which SGA infants require screening (e.g., <10th percentile vs. <2nd percentile).
  • Variations observed in hypoglycaemia cut-off values and the duration of glucose monitoring (4-24 hours).
  • Reported incidence of hypoglycaemia in SGA infants ranges from 12% to 52%, typically occurring 2-6 hours after birth.

Conclusions:

  • Existing hypoglycaemia screening guidelines for SGA infants lack uniformity.
  • Further research is essential to develop robust and consistent international guidance for managing hypoglycaemia in this vulnerable population.
Abstract

Keywords:
guidelineshypoglycaemia screeningnewborn infantreviewsmall for gestational age

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