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Key Determinants of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Multi-Ethnic Patients With Rheumatic Disease Using JAK Inhibitors.

Kehinde Sunmboye^1,2, Ahsan Memon¹, Maumer Durrani¹

¹Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Musculoskeletal Care

|February 15, 2025

Summary

Cardiovascular events in patients on Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are predicted by the combined effect of age and socioeconomic deprivation. Integrating these factors improves risk assessment for personalized care.

Keywords:

JAK inhibitors cardiovascular events cardiovascular risk multi‐ethnic cohort rheumatic diseases social deprivation

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Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Cardiology
Pharmacology

Background:

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are crucial for treating autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs).
Concerns exist regarding the cardiovascular safety of JAK inhibitors, particularly in diverse populations.
Identifying cardiovascular risk factors is vital for optimizing treatment and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if clinical and socioeconomic factors, including age, deprivation, and ethnicity, predict cardiovascular events in patients using JAK inhibitors.
To analyze these predictors within a multi-ethnic patient cohort.

Main Methods:

A retrospective cohort study involved 309 patients with ARDs on JAK inhibitors at a UK hospital.
Data on cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death) were collected.
Multivariate logistic regression analyzed the association between age, deprivation decile, ethnicity, and cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Results:

The combination of age and deprivation decile significantly predicted cardiovascular events (p=0.031).
Older age showed an odds ratio of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00-1.13).
Ethnicity was not an independent predictor in this cohort; the combined age-deprivation model had an AUC of 0.837.

Conclusions:

Age and deprivation jointly predict cardiovascular events in multi-ethnic patients treated with JAK inhibitors.
Socioeconomic factors are crucial for cardiovascular risk assessment in patients on JAK inhibitors.
Personalized care strategies should incorporate these combined risk factors.