Multilayer Adjuvanted Influenza Protein Nanoparticles Improve Intranasal Delivery and Antigen-Specific Immunity

Area of Science:

• Vaccinology
• Nanotechnology
• Immunology

Background:

• Intranasal vaccination is ideal for inducing mucosal and systemic immunity against influenza.
• The nasal mucosa presents a barrier to effective intranasal vaccine delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop layer-by-layer (LBL) influenza vaccine nanoparticles for enhanced intranasal delivery.
• To evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these LBL nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

• Formulated LBL nanoparticles with chitosan and CpG adjuvants around M2e and HA influenza antigens.
• Administered LBL nanoparticles intranasally to mice.
• Assessed cellular and humoral immune responses, including IgA titers.
• Evaluated protection against influenza challenge.

Main Results:

• LBL modification improved nasal delivery and immune cell interaction.
• Intranasal LBL nanoparticles significantly boosted HA and M2e-specific immune responses, including high IgA titers.
• Vaccination conferred protection against influenza challenge and reduced viral titers in mice.

Conclusions:

• Intranasal LBL vaccine nanoparticles are effective for delivering influenza antigens and adjuvants.
• This strategy significantly enhances mucosal and systemic immunity, providing protection against influenza.
• LBL nanoparticles represent a promising approach for next-generation intranasal influenza vaccines.