Anaesthesia management in a patient with a cardiac contractility modulation device

Ana Álvarez Bartolomé1, Álvaro Mingote2, María Casado Salcedo1

  • 1Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain.

Summary

Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) therapy improves heart failure symptoms. Anesthesia management for patients with CCM devices is crucial, as guidelines are lacking, and encounters will increase.

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