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The bone-heart axis in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases: A narrative review
Anita Vergatti1, Veronica Abate1, Gabriella Iannuzzo1
1Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, 80131, Italy.
Insights
The bone-heart axis influences cardiovascular disease (CVD) susceptibility. Understanding this connection offers new avenues for CVD prevention, diagnosis, and precision medicine treatments.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Bone Biology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality, posing significant socioeconomic burdens.
- While traditional risk factor management has improved outcomes, CVDs remain a major health challenge.
- Emerging research highlights the 'bone-heart axis' as a novel area influencing CVD pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and elucidate the role of the bone-heart axis in cardiovascular disease susceptibility.
- To explore the endocrine functions of bone in its interaction with the cardiovascular system.
- To identify non-canonical cardiovascular risk factors originating from bone.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical and experimental data.
- Analysis of the endocrine functions of bone.
- Investigation of the interplay between skeletal and cardiovascular systems.
Main Results:
- Evidence supports bone's interaction with the cardiovascular system via endocrine functions.
- The bone-heart axis is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
- Non-canonical cardiovascular risk factors associated with bone health are being identified.
Conclusions:
- The bone-heart axis presents a promising frontier for CVD prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
- Understanding this axis can lead to novel therapeutic targets for precision medicine.
- Further research into bone-derived factors may revolutionize cardiovascular care.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) cause about 30% of deaths worldwide, increasing social and economic burden in our societies. Although the treatment of the canonical cardiovascular risk factors has reduced the impact of CVDs on morbidity and mortality in the past few years, they continue to represent a major health problem. The definition of the biological properties of the bone-heart axis has led to new insights in the pathogenesis of CVDs; hence, the aim of this review is to try to elucidate the role of this axis on the susceptibility to CVDs. There is evidence that the bone interacts with extra-skeletal organs, including the cardiovascular system, through its endocrine functions. Clinical and experimental data strongly indicate that the interplay between the bone and the cardiovascular system represents a future tool for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of CVDs. The identification of these non-canonical cardiovascular risk factors could prompt pharmacological research towards new target therapy aimed at precision medicine.
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