Minimum muscular fitness of urban Tswana children

Two hundred and eighty-nine urban school children in Botswana were tested for their ability to perform tests of minimum muscular fitness. Performance was generally poor when compared with usual results obtained in developed countries. Arm strength was found to be low but not surprising when considered in terms of the low arm strength to body weight common in preadolescence. Abdominal muscle groups were also weak, however, and hamstring group flexibility was poor. These results suggest a potential for lower back distress or disability and are perhaps indicative of a general low level of physical fitness in both boys and girls. The results are discussed in terms of the role played by physical education in child development and the planning and implementation of appropriate programmes is strongly recommended.