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Pulse Oximetry

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...

Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs

Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs

Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Before taking a patient's vital signs, a nurse would consider and assess the patient's comfort level and ensure appropriate equipment is available.

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2025

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

Published on: April 7, 2023

Screening For Critical Congenital Heart Disease Using Pulse-Oximetry, The First Egyptian Multicentre Study.

Mohammad Eltahlawi¹, Alaa Elghamrawy², Maiy Hamdy Elsayed³

¹Zagazig University, Cardiology Department, Zagazig, Egypt.

Cardiology in the Young

|February 17, 2025

Summary

Pulse-oximetry effectively screens newborns for critical congenital heart disease (CHD) in Egypt. This study found a higher prevalence of critical CHD, suggesting the tool

Keywords:

Congenital heart pulse-oximetry screening

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Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care

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Published on: May 10, 2024

Area of Science:

Neonatal screening
Cardiology
Public health

Background:

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of infant mortality.
Pulse-oximetry offers a simple, non-invasive method for critical CHD screening.
The applicability of pulse-oximetry screening in diverse healthcare settings requires evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the preliminary results of using pulse-oximetry for critical CHD detection in Egyptian newborns.
To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of pulse-oximetry screening in a low-income country context.

Main Methods:

A prospective screening protocol using pulse-oximetry (Granelli protocol) was implemented.
2392 neonates in 10 Egyptian university hospitals were screened within 24-72 hours of birth.
Echocardiography was used to confirm diagnoses in neonates who failed the pulse-oximetry screening.

Main Results:

23% (549/2392) of neonates failed the pulse-oximetry screening.
Echocardiography confirmed CHD in 80.3% of positive cases.
The prevalence of critical CHD was 16.7 per 1000 live births, higher than global averages.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of critical CHD in Egypt is notably high.
Pulse-oximetry is a viable and effective mass screening tool for critical CHD in low-income settings.
Implementing pulse-oximetry screening can improve early detection and management of critical CHD in newborns.