Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

56
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
56
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

219
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
219
Subliminal Perception01:15

Subliminal Perception

233
Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
233
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

97
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
97

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efficacy of an Unguided Digital Intervention for Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Deutsches Arzteblatt international·2026
Same author

Efficacy of the digital health application ORIKO<sup>Ⓡ</sup> for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults: Protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

MethodsX·2026
Same author

ADHD in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Incidence, Prevalence, and Treatment. An Analysis of Routine Health Insurance Data.

Deutsches Arzteblatt international·2026
Same author

Risperidone-ISM<sup>®</sup> effectiveness and tolerability in acute schizophrenia patients hospitalised due to a relapse: results from an international, prospective, non-interventional evaluation (RESHAPE study).

The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry·2026
Same author

Two decades of metacognitive training for psychosis: successes, setbacks, and innovations.

Expert review of neurotherapeutics·2025
Same author

Correction: Treatment Preferences in Acute Psychosis: A Comparison of Patient and Staff Perspectives on Symptom Prioritization and Biopsychosocial Interventions.

The Psychiatric quarterly·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2025

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
07:31

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Published on: February 8, 2019

6.5K

Linking Subclinical Autistic Traits and Perceptual Category Learning.

Claire V Warren1,2,3, Rebekka Baumert1, Kira Diermann1

  • 1Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|February 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with higher autistic traits showed poorer accuracy in perceptual categorization tasks. This was linked to altered neural activity in visual processing and decision-making, not a deficit in prototype abstraction.

Keywords:
Bayesian computational modellingautismdot‐pattern paradigmfMRIprototype abstraction

More Related Videos

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

16.5K
Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2025

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
07:31

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Published on: February 8, 2019

6.5K
Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

16.5K
Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Autism spectrum condition (ASC) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social interaction and communication difficulties, alongside repetitive behaviors.
  • Individuals with ASC often face challenges in non-social cognitive processing, including visual categorization based on holistic appearance.
  • Atypicalities in abstracting category prototypes or general visual category learning may underlie these difficulties, with milder traits seen in the broader autism phenotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between autistic traits and visual category learning in neurotypical adults.
  • To examine behavioral performance and neural correlates using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To explore whether autistic traits are associated with difficulties in prototype abstraction versus other visual category learning processes.

Main Methods:

  • Compared neurotypical adults with high versus low autistic traits on a perceptual categorization task using a dot-pattern paradigm.
  • Utilized event-related fMRI to measure neural activity during task performance.
  • Employed Bayesian computational modeling to assess category knowledge representation (prototype vs. exemplars) and decision policies.

Main Results:

  • Higher autistic traits correlated with reduced accuracy in endorsing category members.
  • Significant differences in neural correlates were observed between groups during training, particularly in visual processing (occipital regions), decision-making (midfrontal regions, posterior cingulate), and feedback processing (posterior cingulate, ventral striatum).
  • Computational modeling indicated stricter decision policies in individuals with higher autistic traits, but did not support a deficit in prototype abstraction.

Conclusions:

  • Difficulties in visual category learning associated with autistic traits are not primarily due to problems with prototype abstraction.
  • Atypicalities in visual processing, decision-making, and feedback processing contribute to altered category learning in individuals with higher autistic traits.
  • These findings highlight broader visual category learning atypicalities rather than specific prototype deficits in the context of autistic traits.