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Bile acids and metabolic surgery
Hui Xue1, Luyao Huang1, Jui Tu2
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Liver Research
|February 17, 2025
Summary
Metabolic surgery effectively treats obesity and related diseases. Targeting bile acids, key mediators altered by surgery, offers a promising non-invasive approach to achieve similar health benefits.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Diseases
- Surgical Innovation
Background:
- Obesity and its comorbidities present a global health crisis.
- Metabolic surgeries like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical sleeve gastrectomy are highly effective but invasive.
- Non-invasive alternatives that mimic surgery's benefits are urgently needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of bile acids in mediating metabolic surgery's effects.
- To explore bile acid receptors, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5).
- To assess the potential of targeting bile acid pathways as a non-invasive therapeutic strategy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on metabolic surgery and bile acid signaling.
- Analysis of the impact of metabolic surgery on bile acid profiles.
- Examination of the function of bile acid receptors in metabolic regulation.
Main Results:
- Metabolic surgery significantly alters bile acid composition and signaling.
- Bile acids act as crucial downstream mediators of surgical metabolic benefits.
- FXR and TGR5 are key receptors involved in mediating these effects.
Conclusions:
- Bile acids are central to the metabolic improvements seen after bariatric surgery.
- Targeting bile acid pathways presents a viable non-invasive strategy to replicate metabolic surgery's advantages.
- Pharmacological modulation of bile acid signaling holds promise for treating obesity and metabolic disorders.
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