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Assessing Contributory Factors of Diarrhea Among Under-Five Children in Bangladesh From 2006 to 2019 and Recent
Mohammad Nayeem Hasan1,2, M Noor-E-Alam Siddiqui1, Mst Farzana Akter1,3
1Department of Statistics Shahjalal University of Science & Technology Sylhet Bangladesh.
Insights
Diarrhea prevalence in Bangladeshi children under five decreased then sharply increased, with younger children and those of less educated mothers facing higher risks. Factors like nutrition and sanitation are key to reducing child mortality.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Diarrheal diseases cause one-third of child deaths nationally.
- The burden of childhood diarrhea in Bangladesh has recently increased.
- Understanding contributing factors is crucial for intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze diarrhea prevalence trends in children aged 0-5 years in Bangladesh from 2006 to 2019.
- To identify factors associated with diarrheal diseases in this demographic.
- To investigate the recent rise in childhood diarrhea incidence.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) for 2006, 2012, and 2019.
- Included 31,566 (2006), 23,402 (2012), and 24,686 (2019) children under five.
- Employed logistic regression to analyze changes in influencing factors.
Main Results:
- Diarrhea prevalence decreased from 7.1% (2006) to 3.9% (2012), then rose to 6.9% (2019).
- Children aged 12-23 months consistently had a higher likelihood of diarrhea (AOR 2.22-5.24).
- Maternal education level impacted risk; children of mothers with no/incomplete primary education had higher diarrhea odds (AOR 1.07-1.48).
Conclusions:
- Underweight status, geography, wealth, and poor sanitation facilities are significant contributing factors.
- Child nutrition, hygiene, and seasonal care are vital for mitigating diarrhea-related under-five mortality.
- Addressing these factors is essential to combat the increasing burden of childhood diarrhea in Bangladesh.
Background And Aims:
One-third of all child deaths in this country are caused by diarrhea. The burden of the disease appears to be increasing in recent years in Bangladesh. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of diarrhea and identify the factors contributing to diarrheal diseases among children aged 0-5 years in Bangladesh from 2006 to 2019, to understand the recent increase in this serious health issue.
Methods:
In this study, using the data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), a total of 31,566, 23,402, and 24,686 children under five were included from, 2006, 2012, and 2019, respectively. Logistic regressions were applied to analyze the changes in factors influencing childhood diarrhea.
Results:
The results revealed a decline in diarrhea prevalence from MICS 2006 (7.1%) to MICS 2012 (3.9%). However, there was a sharp increase to 6.9% in MICS 2019. Notably, children aged 12-23 months exhibited consistently 2.22 times (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.22, 95% confidence interval (CI: 1.86-2.65), 5.24 times (CI: 2.51-10.95) and 3.36 times (CI: 2.67-4.22) higher likelihood of experiencing diarrhea compared to the older age group (48-59 months) in MICS 2006, 2012 and 2019, respectively. The mother's educational background also played a role, in MICS 2006, 2012, and 2019, children whose mothers had no or incomplete primary education had 1.48 (CI: 1.18-1.86), 1.07 (CI: 0.76-1.50), and 1.34 (CI: 1.06-1.69) times higher chances of diarrhea compared to children of mothers with secondary complete or higher education.
Conclusion:
Underweight status, geographical division, household wealth status, and unimproved and shared toilet facilities emerged as contributing factors of diarrhea among children aged 0-5 years. The findings underscore the importance of child nutrition, basic hygiene practices, and special care during the rainy season to mitigate the under-five mortality rate associated with diarrhea.
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