Awareness of Hepatitis B Among the General Population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Hepatitis B, caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), remains a significant global public health challenge despite advances in vaccination and treatment. This study aims to evaluate the awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of hepatitis B among the general population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Riyadh in 2024, involving 805 participants aged 18 years and above. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that assessed demographic characteristics, general awareness, knowledge of transmission and prevention, testing history, and sources of information. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests were used for analysis.

Among the participants, 87% reported awareness of hepatitis B, though detailed knowledge about transmission and prevention revealed gaps. Awareness of blood transfusion as a transmission route was high (83.2%), while unprotected sex (49.3%) and mother-to-child transmission (43.2%) were less recognized. Vaccination was identified as a preventive measure by 83.5%, but misconceptions, such as the efficacy of hand washing (32%), were evident. Only 35.4% of participants had been tested for hepatitis B, highlighting low screening rates. Primary information sources included healthcare providers (57.1%) and the internet (57.5%), with social media cited by 41.5%. Gender, age, and educational background significantly influenced knowledge levels.

While general awareness of hepatitis B is high, critical gaps in detailed knowledge and testing behavior remain. Public health strategies should focus on correcting misconceptions, enhancing screening rates, and leveraging trusted information sources to improve the understanding and management of hepatitis B. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to bridge these knowledge gaps and enhance disease prevention efforts.