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Impedance Cardiography in the Diagnosis of Congestive Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Christoph Müller1

  • 1Research, Marburg University, Marburg, DEU.

Cureus
|February 17, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This study shows Impedance Cardiography (ICG) can help diagnose heart failure by correlating hemodynamic data with BNP/NT-proBNP levels. ICG offers valuable insights into patient hemodynamics for better treatment guidance.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Current heart failure diagnosis relies on physical exams, labs, and imaging like echocardiography.
  • BNP/NT-proBNP levels are sensitive but don't reveal underlying hemodynamics.
  • Impedance Cardiography (ICG) offers non-invasive, continuous hemodynamic monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the relationship between ICG-derived hemodynamic parameters and BNP/NT-proBNP levels.
  • To assess the utility of ICG in diagnosing acute heart failure.
  • To explore ICG's role in guiding hemodynamic stabilization treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA-P2015 guidelines.
  • Searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for relevant prospective studies.
  • Analyzed data using jamovi software for effect sizes, heterogeneity, and publication bias.

Main Results:

  • Eleven studies met eligibility criteria; nine were included in the meta-analysis.
  • Significant correlations found between ICG parameters (TFC, CI, SVI, STR) and BNP/NT-proBNP levels.
  • Thoracic Fluid Content (TFC) and Systolic Time Ratio (STR) showed positive correlations, while Cardiac Index (CI) and Stroke Volume Index (SVI) showed negative correlations.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial evidence supports ICG's utility in diagnosing heart failure.
  • ICG provides crucial hemodynamic information complementing biomarker data.
  • ICG is particularly useful for differentiating shock states and guiding vasopressor/inotrope therapy.

Keywords:
heart failureimpedance cardiographymeta-analysissystematic reviewwearable technology

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