A Young Adult With Persistent Headache: A Case of Central Neurocytoma

Central neurocytomas are rare, typically benign neuronal tumors that primarily affect young adults and are most commonly located within the lateral ventricles. This report presents the case of a 23-year-old male who presented with a two-month history of progressive headache, nausea, vomiting, and cognitive decline. Neurological examination revealed papilledema, indicative of increased intracranial pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated a well-defined, partially calcified intraventricular lesion with associated obstructive hydrocephalus. Histopathological analysis following a stereotactic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of central neurocytoma, with immunohistochemistry showing positivity for synaptophysin and neuronal nuclear antigen. The patient underwent a successful gross total resection of the tumor, and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging confirmed complete removal with no residual disease. The patient's recovery was uneventful, and he remains asymptomatic at six months post-surgery with no evidence of recurrence. This case underscores the importance of early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and timely surgical intervention in the management of central neurocytomas. Additionally, it highlights the favorable prognosis associated with gross total resection, although long-term surveillance remains essential to detect any recurrence.