Asthma as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Dementia and Neurodegeneration: A Systematic Review

Asthma remains a significant health concern, with increasing incidence rates and a notable annual mortality rate. Although the pathophysiology of asthma and its impact on the respiratory system are well understood, leading to effective symptom control, the broader effects of chronic localized airway inflammation on the rest of the body remain less clear. One potential consequence of this persistent state is an elevated risk of developing dementia across various etiologies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This systematic review aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving this association, with a particular focus on identifying neurodegeneration markers detectable through laboratory and imaging studies. Additionally, it examines the impact of asthma treatments on this potential risk, exploring their possible contributory role in the pathogenesis of dementia. Such insights should inform the development of personalized treatment strategies for asthma patients, aimed at preventing or delaying the onset of dementia. However, further research is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms of the connection fully and crucial to integrate it with routine clinical practice.