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Updated: May 27, 2025

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Three-Dimensional Printed Cell-Adaptable Nanocolloidal Hydrogel Induces Endogenous Osteogenesis for Bone Repair.

Wenxin Lu1,2, Li Li3, Ruyi Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.

Biomaterials Research
|February 17, 2025
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Summary

A novel nanocolloidal gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel promotes bone regeneration by enhancing stem cell differentiation and recruitment. This 3D-printed scaffold shows significant potential for repairing critical bone defects.

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Critical bone defect repair is challenging due to inadequate scaffold microenvironments.
  • Existing scaffolds often fail to support cell growth and differentiation within bone defects.
  • Optimized scaffold structures are crucial for effective endogenous bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel 3D-printed nanocolloidal gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel (nG hydrogel) for enhanced bone regeneration.
  • To investigate the osteoinductive capability of the nG hydrogel's unique nanocolloidal structure.
  • To assess the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the nG hydrogel in repairing critical-sized bone defects.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 3D-printed nanocolloidal GelMA hydrogel (nG hydrogel) using Pluronics F68.
  • In vitro assessment of rat bone mesenchymal stem cell (rBMSC) infiltration, migration, and osteogenic differentiation.
  • In vivo evaluation in a critical-sized rat calvarial defect model, including stem cell recruitment and bone mineral density (BMD) analysis.
  • Investigation of the integrin β1/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway.

Main Results:

  • The nG hydrogel exhibited interconnected nanospheres, promoting rBMSC infiltration, migration, and osteogenic differentiation (up-regulated ALP, RUNX2, COL-1, OCN).
  • In vivo studies showed enhanced bone defect repair, increased recruitment of endogenous CD29+ and CD90+ stem cells, and significantly higher BMD.
  • Up-regulation of the integrin β1/FAK mechanotransduction pathway was observed in the nG hydrogel group.

Conclusions:

  • The cell-adaptable nG hydrogel, with its unique nanocolloidal structure, demonstrates potent osteoinductive capabilities.
  • The nG hydrogel significantly enhances bone regeneration in critical-sized defects by modulating stem cell behavior and signaling pathways.
  • This novel hydrogel presents a promising strategy for clinical translation in customized bone defect repair.