Perceived bioethical issues in cancer rehabilitation: a qualitative study among Italian physiotherapists

Literature on bioethics in physiotherapy, particularly in cancer management, is limited. This study explores the perceived bioethical issues in cancer rehabilitation by Italian physiotherapists.

Thirty-one physiotherapists (Age: 42 ± 10.5 years; 20 women, 11 men) with expertise in cancer rehabilitation were purposefully selected.

Six online focus groups were conducted, guided by a focus group guide based on existing literature and refined by experts in cancer rehabilitation and bioethics.

Sessions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's 'Reflexive Thematic Analysis'.

Four primary themes emerged: 1) Challenges of (Non)-Disclosure in Diagnosis and Prognosis - ethical difficulties around withholding diagnosis or prognosis information; 2) Balancing Hope and Realism in Patient and Caregiver Expectations - navigating hope versus realistic rehabilitation goals; 3) Weighing Efficacy and Safety in Cancer Rehabilitation - balancing -treatment outcomes with patient safety; 4) Decisions on Withdrawing Treatment - ethical considerations in discontinuing treatment.

These themes highlight common ethical dilemmas faced by physiotherapists in cancer rehabilitation, mirroring broader healthcare challenges. Addressing them requires a nuanced understanding of ethical principles within the cancer rehabilitation context.

The study provides insights into the bioethical issues in cancer rehabilitation, stressing the need for a patient-centered approach to navigate these challenges effectively.