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Related Concept Videos

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

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Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
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1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

3.7K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

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The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2025

Polysome Purification from Soybean Symbiotic Nodules
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About How Nitrate Controls Nodulation: Will Soybean Spill the Bean?

E Guillierme1,2,3,4, K Gevaert3,4, S Goormachtig1,2

  • 1VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.

Plant, Cell & Environment
|February 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nitrate levels control legume symbiosis with rhizobia, impacting nitrogen fixation. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms in soybean can enhance crop sustainability and reduce fertilizer use.

Keywords:
CEP peptideCLE peptideNLP transcription factorsmicroRNAnitratenodulationsoybeansustainability

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Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean
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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Agricultural science
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Legumes form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia for nitrogen fixation.
  • Nitrate availability represses this symbiosis to conserve plant resources.
  • Key regulators like peptide hormones, microRNAs, and transcription factors are known but their interactions are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of nitrate-regulated nodulation in soybean.
  • To compare regulatory mechanisms across different legume species.
  • To identify knowledge gaps for future research in soybean nodulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on nitrate regulation of nodulation.
  • Comparative analysis of molecular mechanisms in model legumes (Medicago, Lotus) and soybean.
  • Identification of regulatory players and their potential interactions.

Main Results:

  • Nitrate significantly impacts legume nodulation, with varying mechanisms between species.
  • Several molecular components (hormones, miRNAs, TFs) are involved in nitrate signaling.
  • The precise interplay of these components in soybean remains to be fully elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing nitrate-regulated nodulation in soybean is crucial for sustainable agriculture.
  • Further research is needed to unravel the complex molecular networks controlling soybean nodulation.
  • Understanding these pathways can lead to reduced reliance on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers.