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Performance Optimization of Perovskite Solar Cells via Fluorinated Carbonyl Additives
Tianhe Dong1, Jing Liao1, Haijin Li1,2
1School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 17, 2025
Summary
Two novel carbonyl small molecule additives, 4,5-difluoro-phthalic anhydride (2FPA) and tetrafluorophthalic anhydride (4FPA), enhance perovskite solar cell (PSC) efficiency and stability. The 4FPA additive significantly boosts power conversion efficiency and retains 87% of initial performance after 1000 hours under ambient conditions.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Renewable Energy
- Photovoltaics
Background:
- Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer high performance due to excellent optoelectronic properties.
- Instability issues hinder the commercialization of PSCs.
- Defect passivation is crucial for improving PSC performance and longevity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of carbonyl small molecule additives with varying fluorine content on PSC performance and stability.
- To explore the defect passivation mechanisms and carrier transport enhancement in PSCs.
- To develop strategies for improving the operational stability of perovskite solar cells.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis and characterization of two carbonyl small molecule additives: 4,5-difluoro-phthalic anhydride (2FPA) and tetrafluorophthalic anhydride (4FPA).
- Incorporation of additives into perovskite solar cell active layers.
- Performance testing of PSCs, including power conversion efficiency (PCE) measurements.
- Stability testing of unencapsulated devices under ambient air conditions (humidity 50-60%) for approximately 1000 hours.
Main Results:
- The tetrafluorophthalic anhydride (4FPA) additive significantly improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs from 21.49% to 23.21%.
- 4FPA facilitated slow crystal growth and effective defect passivation, suppressing nonradiative recombination and enhancing carrier transport.
- Unencapsulated 4FPA-based PSCs retained 87% of their initial efficiency after 1000 hours of operation in ambient air with 50-60% humidity.
Conclusions:
- Carbonyl small molecule additives, particularly 4FPA, can effectively passivate defects in perovskite solar cells.
- The fluorine atoms and carbonyl groups in 4FPA play a key role in enhancing carrier transport and device stability through interactions with the perovskite lattice.
- 4FPA demonstrates significant potential for improving both the efficiency and operational stability of perovskite solar cells, addressing a critical barrier to commercialization.
