Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 27, 2025

In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis
Published on: October 20, 2013
Staphylococcus Aureus Tames Nociceptive Neurons to Suppress Synovial Macrophage Responses for Sustained Infection in
Xinyu Fang1,2,3, Yang Chen1,2,3, Haiqi Ding1,2,3
1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
Abstract:
The interaction between the nervous system and immune system during chronic bacterial infection remains unclear. Here, it is reported that Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection induces calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) secretion from intra-articular transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 positive (TRPV1+) nociceptive nerves through its pore-forming toxin (PFT) α-hemolysin. The released CGRP then inhibits the production of chemotactic cytokines by CX3CR1+ tissue-resident synovial lining macrophages via receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) receptors at the onset of septic arthritis. During the subsequent chronic course of infection, the continuous release of CGRP triggered by pain has a lasting effect on the antimicrobial capabilities of macrophages, thereby promoting bacterial survival and joint damage. This evidence suggests a critical role for neuroimmune regulation in S. aureus-induced chronic septic arthritis. CGRP receptor antagonism may reduce joint destruction, thus providing a new option for treating bone and joint infections.
Related Concept Videos
Nociception
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Inflammatory Response
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
T Cell Types and Functions
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

