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Characteristics of Children Hospitalized for Acute COVID-19 in France From February 2020 to December 2023

Alexis Rybak1,2,3, Naïm Ouldali1,2,4,5, Andreas Werner1,2,6

  • 1From the Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne (ACTIV), Créteil, France.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|February 17, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hospitalizations for coronavirus disease 2019 in children during the Omicron era were primarily infants under 90 days, children with existing health issues, and those with multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Immunization could reduce this burden.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to affect pediatric populations globally.
  • The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Omicron (BA.1 sublineage), has altered disease epidemiology and clinical presentation.
  • Understanding the characteristics of hospitalized children during specific pandemic periods is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize children hospitalized with COVID-19 in France during the post-BA.1 Omicron period (February 2022-December 2023).
  • To identify distinct clinical groups among hospitalized pediatric patients.
  • To assess the potential impact of vaccination on reducing pediatric COVID-19 hospitalizations.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of hospitalized pediatric cases of COVID-19.
  • Classification of patients into key demographic and clinical subgroups.
  • Evaluation of vaccination status within identified patient groups.

Main Results:

  • Three primary groups of hospitalized children were identified: infants ≤90 days old (44.8%), older children with comorbidities (22.1%), and children diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) (5.2%).
  • Low vaccination coverage was noted across these vulnerable pediatric groups.
  • The findings highlight specific pediatric populations disproportionately affected by severe COVID-19 during the Omicron wave.

Conclusions:

  • Infants, children with comorbidities, and those with MIS-C represent the main groups requiring hospitalization for COVID-19 post-Omicron BA.1.
  • Low vaccination rates among these children underscore a significant gap in protection.
  • Widespread immunization in pediatric populations could substantially alleviate the burden of severe COVID-19 and hospitalizations.

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