Enterovirus E infections in goats with respiratory disease

Enterovirus E (EV-E) has been called bovine enterovirus and has been found in both healthy animals and sick animals. To date, the pathogenicity of EV-E in goats is still unclear, and the natural infection of EV-E in goats has not been reported in China. In this study, natural infections of EV-E in goat herds were reported in China.

From March 2023 to April 2023, an emerging respiratory disease affected goats in 12 backyard farms in Henan Province, central China. To investigate the pathogens associated with the disease, samples were collected: sick group included six lung samples from dead goats and 68 nasal swabs and 68 blood samples from sick goats; health group included 36 nasal swabs and 36 blood samples from healthy goats in the same farms; control group included 15 nasal swabs and 15 blood samples from healthy goats in five different farms. Then, these samples were analysed by serology, isolation and molecular detection methods. By molecular detection, 83.3% (5/6) of lung samples, 51.5% (35/68) of nasal samples, and 33.8% (23/68) of blood samples were positive for EV-E in sick group. Four complete EV-E genomes were successfully sequenced and analysed. Compared with genomic sequences of EV A-J, at the nucleotide level the similarities of VP1, P1 and polyprotein genes of the 4 strains were 35.3% to 80.4%, 40.2% to 79.3%, and 49.5% to 82.0%, respectively. At the amino acid level, the similarities of VP1, P1 and Polyprotein were 38.4% to 87.1%, 42.9% to 88.7%, and 51.4% to 91.6%, respectively. Based on the VP1, P1 and Polyprotein sequences, the four strains were clustered with the subtype EV-E4 isolates. In addition, no recombinant event was observed in the four strains in our work by RDP analysis.

This is the first molecular evidence of natural infection of genotype E4 in goats with respiratory disease in China. Greater prevention and control measures should be carried out for this disease.