[Trade-off and Synergy of Ecosystem Services in the Yellow River Basin and Their Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity]

Exploring the trade-off and synergy between ecosystem services and their intrinsic impact mechanisms is crucial for improving the overall efficiency of ecosystems and ensuring the sustainable supply of ecosystem services. This study takes the 499 counties in the Yellow River Basin as the research object, uses the Pearson correlation coefficient method to measure the trade-off and synergy among counties, and constructs a geographically weighted logistic regression（GWLR） model to examine the spatiotemporal heterogeneity between balancing synergy and various influencing factors. The results showed that： ① From 2001 to 2021, the ecosystem service value of the Yellow River Basin first increased, then decreased, and finally increased, showing a spatial distribution pattern of "lower in the downstream, higher in the upper and middle reaches." ② Through balancing and collaborative analysis of ecosystem services, it was observed that a balancing relationship between various ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin during the research period existed between food production and regulation services and support services, and a synergistic relationship existed within and between regulation services and support services. ③ Through initial and secondary screening of potential factors, it was found that six independent variables, including changes in the proportion of construction land, annual average NDVI, annual average precipitation, annual average temperature, population density, and GDP, had a significant impact on the relationship between six groups of ecosystem services. ④ Compared with other factors, changes in the proportion of construction land and the annual average temperature had a stronger spatiotemporal non-stationary response to the balance and synergy of ecosystem services. The research results are beneficial for optimizing ecosystem service efficiency in the Yellow River Basin and providing support for the formulation of refined management measures and policies.