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Related Concept Videos

Deglutition01:25

Deglutition

Swallowing, otherwise known as deglutition, facilitates the transport of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a multifaceted process that involves both the tongue and the muscles of the throat and esophagus. Saliva and mucus aid in this process, which takes approximately 4 to 8 seconds for semi-solid or solid food and around 1 second for liquids or very soft food.
Swallowing can be divided into three stages: the voluntary phase, the pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. Although the...
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
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Masticatory Performance Within a Representative Swiss Cohort: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Andrea Roccuzzo1,2,3,4, Maria Prasinou5, Roberta Borg-Bartolo5,6

  • 1Unit for Practice-Based Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
|February 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Masticatory performance in Swiss adults aged 45+ was generally good, with better function observed in younger individuals. Regular dental visits and flossing correlated with improved chewing ability.

Keywords:
chewing testcross‐sectional studieselderlyepidemiologymasticationoral health

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Area of Science:

  • Oral health and functional assessment
  • Gerodontology and public health

Background:

  • Masticatory performance is a key indicator of oral health status.
  • Limited research exists on orofacial functional conditions using diverse methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the masticatory performance (MP) in Swiss residents aged 45 and above.
  • Utilized a two-colour chewing gum test for MP assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study in Bern-Canton, Switzerland, involving individuals aged ≥45.
  • Included clinical examinations, questionnaires, and a two-colour mixing-ability test.
  • Analysis employed subjective (SA) and Opto-Electronic (SD_Hue) assessments.

Main Results:

  • Out of 275 participants, 207 provided chewing samples for MP assessment.
  • Subjective assessment showed 57% had very good (SA 4-5) and 36.7% good (SA 3) MP.
  • MP was significantly associated with age, time since last dental visit, dental hygienist visits, and dental floss use (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Overall masticatory performance among Swiss adults aged 45+ was found to be good.
  • Increasing age correlated with higher plaque and bleeding scores.