Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

864
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
864
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

6.2K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
6.2K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

22.4K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
22.4K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

8.4K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
8.4K
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

10.4K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
10.4K
Translation01:31

Translation

14.4K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
14.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Group 1 mGluR stimulation rescues APOE4-mediated translation defects in neurons.

Life science alliance·2025
Same author

Altering rRNA 2'O-methylation pattern during neuronal differentiation is regulated by FMRP.

RNA biology·2025
Same author

Erratum to: Distinct regulation of bioenergetics and translation by group I mGluR and NMDAR.

EMBO reports·2024
Same author

Distinct calcium sources regulate temporal profiles of NMDAR and mGluR-mediated protein synthesis.

Life science alliance·2024
Same author

Function of FMRP Domains in Regulating Distinct Roles of Neuronal Protein Synthesis.

Molecular neurobiology·2022
Same author

Distinct regulation of bioenergetics and translation by group I mGluR and NMDAR.

EMBO reports·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2025

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation
09:13

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

Published on: April 30, 2014

12.3K

Epitranscriptome-Mediated Regulation of Neuronal Translation.

Syed Wasifa Qadri1,2, Nisa Manzoor Shah1,2, Ravi S Muddashetty1

  • 1Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|February 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two key RNA modifications, 2'O Methylation on rRNA and N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) on mRNA, regulate gene expression and translation, particularly in the nervous system.

Keywords:
2′O methylationm6A methylationneuronal translationribosome heterogeneity

More Related Videos

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
10:56

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

68.4K
Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization
11:24

Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization

Published on: June 17, 2015

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2025

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation
09:13

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

Published on: April 30, 2014

12.3K
Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
10:56

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

68.4K
Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization
11:24

Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization

Published on: June 17, 2015

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Epitranscriptomic modifications add regulatory layers to gene expression.
  • RNA modifications, including 2'O Methylation and N6-Methyladenosine (m6A), influence translation.
  • The functional consequences of these modifications are still being uncovered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on 2'O Methylation of rRNA and m6A of mRNA.
  • To explore their impact on translation, especially within the nervous system.
  • To consider potential collaborative roles and the integration of multiple epitranscriptomic modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review
  • Synthesis of existing research
  • Exploration of functional consequences

Main Results:

  • 2'O Methylation is crucial for rRNA folding, ribosome assembly, and specialized ribosome formation.
  • m6A regulates mRNA stability, transport, and translation through dynamic "writer," "reader," and "eraser" activities.
  • Both modifications impact translation, with specialized roles in neuronal function.

Conclusions:

  • 2'O Methylation and m6A are vital epitranscriptomic regulators of translation.
  • These modifications play significant roles in nervous system development and function.
  • Further research is needed to understand their collaborative effects and integrated functions.