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Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Phenotypes in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Cláudia Sousa1,2,3, Márcia França3, Teresa Jacques2
1Department of Neurology, ULS São João Porto, EPE, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
Summary
Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients improved over time, with fewer experiencing multi-domain deficits. Early optic neuritis was linked to higher cognitive impairment rates.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Clinical Neurology
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Cognitive dysfunction is a significant challenge in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
- Understanding the longitudinal trajectory of cognitive phenotypes is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the evolution of cognitive phenotypes in adult RRMS patients over time.
- To determine if demographic and clinical factors influence cognitive decline progression in MS.
Main Methods:
- 125 RRMS patients underwent annual neuropsychological assessments for 3-5 years using BRBN-T and BICAMS.
- Cognitive phenotypes were defined using the International Classification of Cognitive Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis (IC-CoDiMS).
Main Results:
- Cognitive impairment prevalence decreased over 3 years (BRBN-T: 29.6% to 18.5%; BICAMS: 33.6% to 19.2%).
- Most cognitive tests showed improvement over time, except verbal fluency.
- Multi-domain cognitive impairments resolved by the 4th/5th assessments.
- Patients with optic neuritis as onset syndrome exhibited higher cognitive impairment.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive performance in RRMS patients can improve longitudinally.
- Monitoring cognitive evolution is key for developing targeted interventions.
- Preventing cognitive decline enhances the quality of life for MS patients.
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