Evaluating bowel obstruction and ileus events in patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and
Lama Alfehaid1,2,3, Majed Alyami1,2,3, Sumaya Almohareb1,2,3
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Introduction:
This research evaluated the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and bowel obstruction or ileus.
Methods:
We searched databases, including Medline, Embase, and Cochrane, for studies on adult patients treated with GLP-1 RA. We included randomized control trials (RCT), cohort, case-control studies, and case reports. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to evaluate the quality of RCTs and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort and case-control studies.
Results:
Out of 317 records identified, 14 studies were included in the systematic review. The meta-analysis included 6 studies with a combined total of 550,426 participants. The use of GLP-1 RA did not show an incremental risk of bowel obstruction or ileus compared to controls (OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.43-8.79). However, the studies had high heterogeneity (I2 = 94%). A subgroup analysis by specific medication revealed that liraglutide was associated with a significantly high risk of bowel obstruction or ileus (OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.03-4.45; I2 = 0%).
Conclusions:
GLP-1 receptor agonists do not significantly increase the risk of bowel obstruction or ileus. However, liraglutide is associated with a higher risk compared to semaglutide. Clinicians should remain aware of these rare events while recognizing the benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists for glycemic control and cardiovascular health.
Prospero Registration:
CRD42024585971.
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