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A "logical intuition" based on semantic associations.

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Logical intuition is influenced by semantic information, not just logical form. People experience less confidence and liking for conclusions when many alternatives are available, suggesting intuition relies on accessible knowledge.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Logic
  • Human Reasoning

Background:

  • People intuitively detect logical fallacies but can be swayed by believable, invalid arguments.
  • Prior research suggests a
  • logical intuition
  • responsive to logical form, yet semantic content also impacts reasoning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if access to semantic information modulates intuitive discomfort with logical fallacies.
  • To test the hypothesis that differential access to semantic alternatives influences the perceived validity of arguments.

Main Methods:

  • Two preregistered studies used syllogisms with identical logical forms but varying numbers of semantic alternatives.
  • Study 1 measured confidence in accepting believable but invalid conclusions.
  • Study 2 assessed affective "liking" of conclusions from invalid syllogisms.

Main Results:

  • Confidence in believable, invalid conclusions was lower when syllogisms had many semantic alternatives.
  • Participants showed greater "liking" for conclusions from invalid syllogisms with few alternatives compared to many.
  • These findings indicate that semantic accessibility, not just logical form, shapes intuitive judgments.

Conclusions:

  • Human "logical intuition" is not solely based on abstract logical form.
  • Intuitive judgments are significantly influenced by the ease of accessing related semantic information.
  • The study provides evidence for a more nuanced understanding of how people process logical arguments.