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Morpho-physiological, Biochemical, and Transcript Analysis Revealed Differential Behavior of Chickpea Genotypes
Gurpreet Kaur1,2, Satish Kumar Sanwal3, Nirmala Sehrawat2
1Maharishi Markandeshwar, (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133203, India.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
|February 18, 2025
Summary
This study evaluated chickpea genotypes for salt tolerance, identifying S7, KWR 108, and ICCV 10 as highly tolerant. These genotypes maintained physiological efficiency and osmolyte accumulation under salinity stress, validated by gene expression analysis.
Area of Science:
- Agronomy
- Plant Physiology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Limited information exists on salt tolerance in chickpea genotypes.
- Salinity stress significantly impacts crop yield and food security.
- Understanding genotypic responses to salinity is crucial for developing resilient crops.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the salt tolerance potential of nine chickpea genotypes under varying salinity levels.
- To characterize salt-tolerant and sensitive genotypes using morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular traits.
- To identify key genes and mechanisms conferring salt tolerance in chickpea.
Main Methods:
- Assessed chickpea genotypes under medium (6 dS m⁻¹) and high (9 dS m⁻¹) salt stress.
- Measured morphological, physiological (water relations, gas exchange, chlorophyll), and biochemical (osmolytes, antioxidative enzymes) parameters.
- Conducted gene expression analysis for key salt tolerance genes (P5CS, P5CR, NHX1, HKT1, ProDH).
Main Results:
- Salinity reduced growth and chlorophyll content in most genotypes, with BG 256, DCP 92-3, and ICC 4463 showing higher sensitivity.
- Genotypes S7, ICCV 10, and KWR 108 maintained optimal physiological and biochemical traits, including higher photosynthetic rates and osmolyte accumulation.
- Gene expression analysis revealed higher upregulation of P5CS, P5CR, NHX1, and HKT1, and downregulation of ProDH in tolerant genotypes (KWR 108) compared to the salt-tolerant check (CSG 8962).
Conclusions:
- Chickpea genotypes S7, KWR 108, and ICCV 10 exhibit significant salt tolerance.
- These genotypes maintain physiological and biochemical efficiency under salinity through osmoregulation and active antioxidative defense.
- Gene expression patterns confirm the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in these elite chickpea varieties.
