Smoking Cessation Programs for Women in Non-reproductive Contexts: A Systematic Review
Alexa Gruber1, Alexa Braverman2, Wayne K deRuiter3
1Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Summary
Tailored smoking cessation programs addressing sex and gender barriers show promise for women. Interventions focusing on socioeconomic disadvantage and medical comorbidities were more effective in reducing smoking behaviors.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Behavioral Science
- Gender Studies
Background:
- Most smoking cessation programs are gender-neutral, despite sex and gender (SaG) factors influencing women's smoking behaviors.
- This review focuses on non-reproductive context smoking cessation programs for women.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the literature on smoking cessation programs for women outside of reproductive contexts.
- To assess the effectiveness of these programs and how they address SaG-related barriers.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of experimental studies published between June 2009 and June 2023.
- Included interventions designed exclusively for women.
- Analyzed study characteristics, effectiveness, SaG factor strategies, and gender equity using the gender integration continuum.
Main Results:
- Nine of 25 studies (36%) showed greater smoking reduction in intervention groups.
- Programs addressing socioeconomic disadvantage or medical comorbidities were more effective.
- Many programs addressed barriers like weight gain and social support, but few combined counseling with pharmacotherapy.
Conclusions:
- Addressing SaG-related barriers can improve smoking cessation outcomes for women.
- Tailoring interventions to specific groups, like those facing socioeconomic disadvantage, is crucial.
- Future research should integrate best practices in cessation treatment with SaG-specific insights for more effective and equitable interventions.
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