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Unravelling facilitation complexity in community pharmacy: A pragmatic tool for implementation strategy selection
Emma L Graham1, Noelia Amador-Fernández2, Shalom I Benrimoj1
1Pharmaceutical Care Research Group (University of Granada), Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
Change agents can now efficiently select tailored strategies for implementing pharmacy services using a new visual tool. This Sankey diagram approach simplifies complex determinant-strategy relationships for better change management.
Area of Science:
- Implementation Science
- Pharmacy Practice
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Community pharmacy services are increasingly patient-centric, requiring effective implementation strategies.
- Understanding determinants and their relationships is crucial for successful strategy selection.
- Current guidance for tailoring strategies to specific determinants is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore determinant-implementation strategy relationships in Spanish community pharmacy services.
- To develop a visual tool linking strategies to determinants for change agents.
- To enhance the facilitation process for implementing pharmacy services.
Main Methods:
- A pragmatic, three-year hybrid effectiveness-implementation design was used.
- Mixed methods data collection was facilitated by change agents.
- Sankey diagrams were developed to visualize determinant-strategy relationships.
Main Results:
- 4236 determinant-strategy relationships were documented across 92 pharmacies.
- "Intervention characteristics" and "characteristics of individuals involved" were key determinant domains.
- A Sankey diagram tool was created to provide feedback and guide strategy selection.
Conclusions:
- Visual tools like Sankey diagrams can simplify implementation facilitation.
- These tools aid in planning interventions and training change agents efficiently.
- Optimizing change management processes in pharmacy practice is facilitated.
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