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The risk factors for preschoolers' behavioral problems in a low/middle-income country

Evin Ilter Bahadur1, Pınar Zengin Akkus1, Mehmet Yan2

  • 1Divisions of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
|February 18, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Maternal depression, unemployment, and child sleep issues are key risk factors for behavioral problems in preschoolers. Early identification and intervention focusing on these preventable factors are crucial for positive long-term outcomes in low-income settings.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Global Mental Health
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Preschoolers in low/middle-income countries face elevated risks for mental health issues.
  • Early identification of behavioral problems is vital for effective, cost-efficient interventions.
  • This study investigated behavioral problems in Turkish preschoolers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of behavioral problems in preschoolers across Türkiye.
  • To identify sociodemographic, lifestyle, and maternal factors associated with these problems.

Main Methods:

  • 300 children aged 4-6 years participated.
  • Parents completed validated questionnaires on behavior (CBCL/4-18), sleep, and maternal depression.
  • Daily activities were assessed via custom questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • 12.3% of children exhibited high risk for behavioral problems.
  • Internalizing problems linked to paternal unemployment, screen time, maternal depression, and sleep issues.
  • Externalizing problems associated with maternal depression and touch-screen use; total problems with maternal unemployment, maternal depression, birth order, and child sleep.

Conclusions:

  • Preventable factors like daily routines and maternal mental health require evaluation in at-risk preschoolers.
  • Findings highlight the importance of addressing maternal well-being and lifestyle factors in low/middle-income countries.
Abstract

Keywords:
behavioral problemlow/middle‐incomepreschoolerrisk factor

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