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Relationship Between FODMAP Diet and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Lu Wang1, Wei Cao2, Qian-Hua Zheng3
1Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu Sichuan China.
Food Science & Nutrition
|February 19, 2025
Summary
This study used Mendelian randomization to investigate the link between diet and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Certain FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) dietary intakes, like coffee and salad, may reduce IBS risk.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Nutritional Science
- Genetic Epidemiology
Background:
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder.
- Dietary factors, particularly fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), are implicated in IBS symptomology.
- Previous research has suggested a link, but causal relationships between specific dietary intakes and IBS remain under-investigated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential causal relationships between genetically predicted dietary intakes and the risk of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) using Mendelian randomization.
- To assess the influence of specific FODMAP dietary components on IBS risk.
- To examine the role of gut microbiota in mediating the relationship between diet and IBS.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with summary statistics from the IEU Open GWAS project.
- Selected genetic variants associated with 28 dietary intakes as instrumental variables.
- Obtained IBS outcome data from a large European GWAS (187,028 individuals).
- Performed univariable and multivariable MR analyses, including adjustments for genetically predicted intestinal flora.
Main Results:
- Genetic predisposition to six dietary intakes (dried fruit, beef, cereal, lobster/crab, feta, coffee) was associated with decreased IBS risk.
- Cherry and poultry intake were associated with increased IBS risk.
- Salad/raw vegetable intake showed a decreased risk of IBS after multivariable MR adjustment, even after accounting for gut microbiota.
- Most dietary associations were not significant after adjusting for genetically predicted intestinal flora.
Conclusions:
- Provides Mendelian randomization evidence supporting a causal link between specific FODMAP dietary intakes and IBS risk.
- Suggests that certain dietary components, such as coffee and salad, may have a protective effect against IBS.
- Highlights the potential mediating role of gut microbiota in diet-IBS relationships, although further research is needed.
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