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Evaluation of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, TLR2, TLR4 Gene Expression In Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An
Mahbobe Abbasluo1, Mahya Bakhshi Ardakani2, Negar Jafari3
1Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar Branch, Ashkezar, Iran.
Insights
Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and 4 (TLR4) show increased mRNA expression in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. While PPAR-α and PPAR-γ genes were upregulated, their expression differences were not significant, suggesting TLR2 and TLR4
Area of Science:
- Immunogenetics
- Cardiovascular Research
- Molecular Medicine
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) pathogenesis involves complex inflammatory and immune responses.
- The roles of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in CAD are not fully elucidated.
- Investigating specific gene expression offers insights into CAD mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ genes in CAD patients versus healthy controls.
- To elucidate the involvement of these genes in the innate immune pathway within CAD.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 12 CAD patients and 10 healthy controls.
- Real-Time PCR was used to quantify mRNA expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ.
- Statistical analysis included t-tests and non-parametric tests with a significance level of P<0.05.
Main Results:
- Significantly higher mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was observed in CAD patients compared to controls (P=0.001).
- PPAR-α and PPAR-γ genes showed upregulation in patients, but the difference was not statistically significant between groups.
- These findings highlight the differential involvement of TLRs and PPARs in CAD.
Conclusions:
- TLR2 and TLR4 play a significant role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease.
- The study supports the hypothesis that TLR2 and TLR4 could be potential therapeutic targets for CAD.
- Further research is warranted to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting TLR2 and TLR4 in CAD management.
Background:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the heart diseases that causes the death of many patients in the world. Many genes and molecular pathways are involved in the regulation of inflammation. However, some genes have a regulatory role and control immune responses. In recent studies, few studies have been done regarding the role of TLRs and PPARs in CAD. Hence, the present study aimed to determine and compare the mRNA expression of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ genes and genes of the innate immune system messenger pathway, including TLR2and TLR4, in CAD patients in comparison to normal individuals.
Methods:
This study (case-control) was conducted on 12 patients with coronary arteries and 10 healthy individuals as healthy controls. RNA extraction was performed, cDNA was produced, and then the mRNA expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ genes were examined using Syber green Real-Time PCR. The t-test sample and the related non-parametric tests were used to investigate the relationship between the quantitative variables. The significance level in all tests was considered as less than 0.05.
Results:
The results of data analysis showed that the expression level of TLR2 and TLR4 genes was significantly increased in the patient group compared to the controls (P=0.001). However, although PPAR-α and PPAR-γ genes were up-regulated in patients' samples, the comparison of gene expression levels did not significantly differ between the case and control groups.
Conclusion:
we found meaningful results to the significant role of 2 and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of CAD and emphasize the hypothesis that TLR2 and TLR4 can be considered therapeutic options.
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