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Community pharmacists' decision-making patterns in clinical prescription checking: A simulation-based study.

Ali Elgebli1, Jason Hall1, Denham L Phipps1

  • 1Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Room 1.183, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Community pharmacists (CPs) use pattern recognition and analytical thinking for clinical prescription checking. Their decision-making varies, highlighting the need to understand factors influencing hesitancy and patient safety.

Keywords:
Clinical checkingCommunity pharmacistsDecision-making

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Community pharmacists (CPs) routinely perform clinical checking of prescriptions to ensure medication safety and efficacy.
  • This complex process involves numerous daily decisions influenced by various practice factors.
  • Understanding the cognitive processes underlying this crucial task is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive processes community pharmacists (CPs) employ during clinical prescription checking.
  • To explore the decision-making strategies used by CPs when evaluating prescription appropriateness.

Main Methods:

  • A qualitative study using purposive sampling recruited CPs from England.
  • Participants engaged in simulated prescription checking via Zoom interviews, providing concurrent verbalizations.
  • Deductive thematic analysis was applied to transcribed data, guided by the recognition-primed decision-making (RPD) model.

Main Results:

  • Twelve CPs participated, demonstrating a multi-staged decision-making procedure with varying abilities to identify and resolve concerns.
  • Pharmacists predominantly used pattern recognition, shifting to analytical thinking for atypical situations, aligning with the RPD model.
  • While cue processing was consistent, subsequent actions showed significant variability and hesitancy.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical prescription checking involves a combination of pattern recognition and analytical thinking.
  • Significant variability exists in pharmacists' decision-making processes and hesitancy.
  • Further research is needed to understand factors influencing these variations and their impact on patient safety.