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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
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Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

119
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
119
Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by the development of ulcers in the stomach or duodenal mucosa. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving a balance between damaging and protective elements.
Damaging agents such as Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can weaken the mucosal defense, allowing hydrogen ions to infiltrate back and harm epithelial cells.
223
Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

124
The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
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Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors01:22

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors

524
Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds...
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Peptic perforation due to Candida spp.

Silvia Fernández Noël1, Julia Gutiérrez de Prado2, Óscar Caso Maestro2

  • 1Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, España.

Revista Espanola De Enfermedades Digestivas
|February 19, 2025
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Summary

Peptic perforations remain common, even with Helicobacter pylori treatment. Candida species are relevant in these perforations, suggesting fungal coinfection may be an independent risk factor for mortality in peritonitis.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Peptic perforation incidence persists despite effective Helicobacter pylori (HP) management.
  • This suggests alternative or additional pathological mechanisms contribute to peptic perforations.
  • The role of fungal pathogens, specifically Candida species, in these cases requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of Candida species in peptic perforations.
  • To explore the clinical significance of fungal coinfection in peptic perforations.
  • To determine if Candida coinfection is an independent risk factor for mortality in peritonitis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of patient data and clinical outcomes for peptic perforations.
  • Microbiological analysis, including peritoneal cultures and biopsies, to identify Candida spp.
  • Statistical analysis to assess the correlation between Candida coinfection and mortality.

Main Results:

  • Findings support the significant relevance of Candida species in peptic perforations.
  • Routine peritoneal cultures and biopsies are highlighted as important diagnostic tools.
  • Candida coinfection is proposed as an independent risk factor for mortality in peritonitis.

Conclusions:

  • Candida species play a role in peptic perforations, independent of Helicobacter pylori.
  • Routine microbiological assessment of peritoneal fluid and tissue is crucial for managing these complex cases.
  • Considering Candida coinfection as an independent mortality risk factor is essential for patient management and prognosis.