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Pressure-Driven Reactivity in Dense Methane-Nitrogen Mixtures.

Hannah A Shuttleworth1, Mikhail A Kuzovnikov1, Lewis J Conway1,2

  • 1Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High pressure transforms simple carbon and nitrogen molecules into complex C-N-H networks. This study reveals new compounds and chemical reactions under extreme conditions, fundamental to understanding planetary interiors and prebiotic chemistry.

Keywords:
high-pressure chemistryhigh-temperature chemistrymolecular systemsraman spectroscopysynchrotron x-ray diffraction

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Materials Science
  • Prebiotic Chemistry

Background:

  • Carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen are abundant elements crucial for prebiotic chemistry.
  • Methane (CH4) and nitrogen (N2) are stable molecules under extreme pressure.
  • Understanding their interactions is key to planetary science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the reactivity and compound formation in the methane-nitrogen binary system under high pressure.
  • Explore the influence of pressure and temperature on these simple molecules.
  • Uncover potential pathways for complex molecule formation.

Main Methods:

  • High-pressure experiments using diamond anvil cells.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for theoretical support.
  • Spectroscopic analysis of quenched samples.

Main Results:

  • Formation of two concentration-dependent molecular compounds, (CH4)5N2 and (CH4)7(N2)8, above 7 GPa via van der Waals interactions.
  • Irreversible breaking of the N2 triple bond and methane dissociation above 140 GPa at room temperature, forming C-N-H networks.
  • At 14 GPa and 670 K, ammonia (NH3) and hydrocarbons form, decomposing to diamond at higher temperatures (>1200 K).

Conclusions:

  • Pressure-driven chemistry in simple molecular systems leads to unexpected complexity.
  • The CH4-N2 system exhibits diverse reactivity under varying pressure and temperature conditions.
  • Findings provide insights into chemical processes within planetary interiors and early Earth conditions.